Neurodiversity is the idea that there’s no single “normal” way for a brain to function — instead, there’s a wide range of natural differences in how people think, learn, process information, and experience the world. This includes conditions like ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia, dyspraxia, and more. Being neurodivergent doesn’t mean someone is broken or less capable — it simply means their brain works differently. Neurodiversity recognises these differences as part of human diversity, not as disorders that always need to be fixed. Embracing neurodiversity helps create more inclusive schools, workplaces, and families where people can be supported in ways that suit how they truly function and thrive.

Understanding ADHD.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person focuses, manages impulses, and organises tasks. It’s not just about being “hyper” or “distracted” — it can also involve emotional sensitivity, forgetfulness, overthinking, and difficulty with motivation or time management. People with ADHD may struggle with attention in some settings but hyperfocus in others, which can lead to misunderstanding or mislabelling. ADHD is often invisible and can be mistaken for laziness, rudeness, or carelessness — especially in girls or adults, who may not show hyperactivity. With the right support, structure, and understanding, individuals with ADHD can thrive by using their creativity, energy, and unique ways of thinking. It’s not a lack of intelligence or effort — it’s a different way of experiencing the world.

Understanding ASD.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person communicates, processes sensory information, and interacts with the world around them. People with ASD may experience the world more intensely — noticing details others overlook, feeling overwhelmed in noisy or unpredictable environments, or needing routines to feel safe. Social situations can sometimes be challenging due to differences in understanding tone, facial expressions, or unspoken social rules, but that doesn’t mean someone with autism lacks empathy — in fact, many feel emotions deeply.

Autism is a spectrum, which means it looks different in every person. Some individuals may need significant daily support, while others may live independently but still experience sensory overload, burnout, or social fatigue. Understanding ASD is about moving away from stereotypes and toward appreciating the strengths, needs, and humanity of autistic people. It's not about “fixing” — it's about accepting and supporting.

Understanding Dyslexia.

Dyslexia is a learning difference that primarily affects reading, writing, and spelling skills — but it has nothing to do with intelligence. People with dyslexia may struggle to match letters with sounds, decode words, or read fluently, even if they are bright and articulate. It can also affect memory, time management, and the ability to follow sequences, which can impact academic performance and self-esteem.

Despite these challenges, many people with dyslexia are highly creative, think in images or patterns, and excel in problem-solving, storytelling, design, or hands-on learning. With the right support — like extra time, visual aids, and multi-sensory teaching — individuals with dyslexia can thrive in school and beyond. Understanding dyslexia means shifting the focus from weakness to difference, and offering encouragement instead of criticism.

What School or Work May Look Like?

For neurodivergent individuals, such as those with ADHD, autism, or dyslexia, school or work environments can feel overwhelming, confusing, or exhausting if not designed with inclusivity in mind. In school, a student might struggle to sit still, focus in noisy classrooms, or follow fast-paced instructions. They may need more time on tests, different formats for learning, or quiet spaces to recharge. In the workplace, neurodivergent people may face challenges with routine tasks, multitasking, or social interactions, but often bring unique strengths like creative problem-solving, attention to detail, deep focus, or innovative thinking.

Without understanding and flexibility, these environments can feel like daily battles. But with the right accommodations — like clear communication, flexible deadlines, and sensory-friendly spaces — both students and professionals can perform at their best. Supporting neurodiversity in school and work isn’t about lowering expectations; it’s about removing unfair barriers.

Tips for Families, Friends & Teachers.

Supporting a neurodivergent person — whether they have ADHD, autism, dyslexia, or another condition — starts with understanding and empathy. For families, it’s important to listen without judgment, celebrate small wins, and avoid comparing your child or sibling to others. Be patient, and remember that what looks like laziness or defiance may actually be overwhelm, confusion, or burnout.

For friends, simply being kind, flexible, and respectful of boundaries can make a huge difference. Don’t force eye contact, big social events, or “solutions” — sometimes your presence is enough.

For teachers, adapt your methods where possible: break tasks into manageable steps, allow extra time, utilise visual aids, and check in with students privately. A calm tone and consistent structure can help neurodivergent learners feel safe. Above all, ask them what works best for them, and believe them when they tell you.

Support doesn’t mean fixing. It means creating space where someone can be fully themselves and still succeed.